The summation operator is represented by the symbol (capital sigma) and represents the operation of summing a sequence of expressions together. The operator is used in math to represent the sum of sequences and series. For example, the statement below represents the summation of the sequence of three numbers.
In plain language, this means sum the sequence of numbers together represented by the expression starting from and iterating until . At each step, the element of the sequence is calculated by substituting the current value of into the expression. The sequence of expressions is shown below.
| Expression | Variable |
|---|---|
The expression on top of the summation operator, in this case , controls the length of the sequence being added together. Expanding the expressions as a summation gives the following.
Adding together the sequence of expressions gives the result.
The summation operator is used to represent sequences and series in math. Calculus makes extensive use of the operator.
To calculate the summation of the counting numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n the sequence can be visualized geometrically and solved for by finding the area of the shape formed.
The sample mean, also called the arithmetic mean, is the average of a sample space. To calculate the sample mean, sum all the data points in a sample space and then divide by the number of elements.
To calculate the expected value of a discrete distribution, multiply the events of the distribution by the probability of the event occuring.
The sample standard deviation formula calculates the standard deviation of a sample population. The sample deviation is denoted with the Latin letter s, where the population standard deviation is denoted by the greek lower-case sigma symbol.